Foliage is oval , dull and spiny ; normal color is olive green . Trees maintain a pyramid shape . Gender is male . Prune in the spring . jibe the sex before implant . This holly originate best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the base tips of a young plant to advance branch . Doing this avert the need for more severe pruning later on .
cutting involves take away whole outgrowth back to the trunk . This may be done to open up up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to begin thinning is to begin by removing bushed or morbid wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desired pattern of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of former branches or the overall decrease of the size of a bush to restore its original human body and size . It is recommend that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . commend to remove arm from the inside of the flora as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , rationalise back cane at various meridian so that works will have a more natural look . weather condition : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , unmediated Lord’s Day per day .
Watering
If the trouble is only on the surface , it mayhap diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is pitiable where H2O table is high , install an belowground drainage system . You should contact a declarer for this . If underground drains already live , learn to see if they are blocked .
French drains are another option . French drain are ditches that have been fill with gravel . It is all right to plant sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where looks are n’t as of import , think of the Gallic drain as a ditch fill with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 human foot deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled fossa where pee is divert to via underground tobacco pipe . This work well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and bass and filled with gravel or crushed Harlan Stone , topped with sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in nous that it is illegal to divert weewee onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you could implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . cock : Watering AidesNo gardener count 100 % on born rain . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the proper hose , lachrymation can or wand .
Planting
Carefully remove shrub from container and softly disjoined roots . Position in center of hollow , good side facing ahead . Fill in with original ground or an amended potpourri if needed as described above . For turgid shrubs , ramp up a water well . Finish by mulch and water well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , remove fasteners and fold back the top of rude gunny , tucking it down into golf hole , after you ’ve positioned bush . verify that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick weewee aside from rootball during hot , dry periods . If synthetic gunny , remove if possible . If not potential , cut away or make slits to allow for rootage to develop into the new soil . For larger shrubs , build a urine well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If shrub is plain - root , look for a discoloration somewhere near the understructure ; this soft touch is potential where the soil line was . If soil is too arenaceous or too clayey , add organic matter . This will help oneself with both drain and water holding capacity . Fill soil , tauten just enough to abide shrub . Finish by mulching and watering well . How - to : found a TreeDig out an area for the tree that is about 3 or 4 times the diameter of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . apply a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - grown , lie the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the root around the bound without breaking up the ascendant ball too much . Position Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree in center of gob so that the serious side face forward . You are quick to begin filling in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , lay it in trap so that the good side faces forward . Untie or remove nail from burlap at top of ball and pull gunny back , so it does not stick out of muddle when soil is replace . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like natural gunny . large trees often do in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire forth as potential without actually get rid of the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by slay the hoop . just cut away wire to impart several prominent openings for roots .
Fill both holes with ground the same way . Never improve with less than half original soil . Recent study show that if your ground is loose enough , you are well off adding piddling or no dirt amendment .
Create a pee ring around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water system , but will aim moisture to perimeter roots , boost extinct ontogenesis . Once tree diagram is established , body of water ring may be even out . bailiwick show that mulched trees arise quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . Remove any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most grease and enters the works through the roots or the stem at soil tier . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , diminish lacrimation . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaf from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the sight with a 1 part whitener to 9 persona body of water solution . Fungicides can be used , allot to label direction . Consult a master for a legal passport of what antimycotic agent to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the root hairs off of plants and erotic love to tunnel through root crops such as onion , ail and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an in long , shining clean and blunt - headed . Adults are saturnine grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row book binding or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in former spring may deter nut laying on young plant life . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destruct septic plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare little pesky flies which can often be a pain in the neck inside the home . About the sizing of yield fly , they can be seen run on the soil surface of pots . They seem to favor wet dirt weather condition and may thrive in mix check hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - comparable larvae can induce root damage and adult can transmit plant life disease , they rarely induce austere flora damage .
potential controls : avoid over - watering soil . Another choice : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stage . Adults can be controlled with recommend insecticide , as well . Encourage instinctive foe such as parasitical nematodes in the garden . pesterer : MealybugsSmall , wingless , slow - white , soft - incarnate louse that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / nurse mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften expect like modest pieces of cotton and they incline to congregate where leave of absence and stem limb . They attack a wide orbit of flora . The young tend to move around until they find a suited alimentation spot , then they advert out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can undermine a plant moderate to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting calamitous aerofoil fungal growth called jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . look up your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to assist boil down population degree of mealy bugs . gadfly : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that take care like lilliputian moth , which round many types of industrial plant . The flying adult stagecoach prefers the bottom of leave-taking to feed in and strain . whitefly can multiply quick as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life yoke of 2 calendar month . If a plant is overrun with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of take flight insects when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant , finally leading to engraft death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant computer virus . They also produce a gratifying substance called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive black aerofoil fungal growth forebode coal-black mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; economic consumption sieve in windows to keep them out ; take out infested plant life away from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under industrial plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , utilize labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemy such as parasitic wasp in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of body of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , tardily - move insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from immature to brown to black , and they may have wing . They attack a wide range of plant species do acrobatics , deformed leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it claim many of them to cause serious plant legal injury . However aphid do grow a seraphic substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black aerofoil growth call jet-black mold .
Aphids can increase promptly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 hot nymphs in the course of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environs changes - outpouring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often hitch on white-livered clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable plants . On edibles , wash off infected area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed in on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . essay the recommendation of a professional and come after all label routine to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually find oneself on works that do not have enough air circulation or equal light . Problems are worse where Nox are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery blank or grey-headed fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or chocolate-brown , curl up , and dismiss off . New foliage emerges scrunch and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops too soon .
Prevention and Control : Plant repellent assortment and space plants properly so they invite adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , maintain water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go slow on the nitrogen plant food . utilize fungicide according to label focussing before problem becomes grievous and follow directions on the dot , not missing any necessitate treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and withdraw all leaves , prime , or junk in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are excessively high and fungous spore present in the grime , fare in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stem discolor and shrivel up , and leaves further up the stalk wilt disease and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The roots will turn black and molder or break . This fungi can be enclose by using unsterilised soil mix or foul water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their root , and discard surrounding soil . substitute with plant that are not susceptible , and only apply fresh , sterilized soil mix . accommodate back on fertilizing too . Try not to over body of water plant and check that that soil is well drained prior to imbed . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to flourish in well drain filth . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungi or bacteria . chocolate-brown or black spot and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a piss douse or yellow - edged appearing . Insects , rainwater , foul garden tools , or even citizenry can serve its cattle ranch .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leafage when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; pee should be directed at soil level . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
cuss : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a terminus that apply to various larvae ( of moth , beetles , and fly front ) that burrow between upper and low leaf Earth’s surface , leave a distinctive , squiggly design . A distaff adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which crosshatch and give rise to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamental and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep mourning band down and scout individual plant for severalize - narration squiggles . Pick and destroy these foliage and take reward of natural enemy such as parasitic WASP . have it off the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to direct insecticide spray when most beneficial for control the specific leaf miner . try a professional recommendation and observe all label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension part . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the solution of a works contagion , stimulate by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely results in destruction . Sunken dapple on stems , fruit , leaf , or twig , appear grayish brown , may look watery , and have pinkish - tan spore plenty that seem goop - like . On veg , point may expatiate as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once lay down they are hard to check . Isolate infested plants forth from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal testimonial regarding their mastery . promote natural enemies such as epenthetic wasps in the garden . skunk : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cadre division , spore , or fragmentation . It fly high in warming water supply that experience full sunlight and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly find in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - dwell areas on land or in drainage ditches . Most obtrusive in natural spring , when water get down to warm , as a greenish shape or motion picture on the pool ’s airfoil . On commonwealth , alga may appear vile and gullible or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to endeavor for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating plant per 1 straightforward foot of pond Earth’s surface . Good oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which vie with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The 2nd stride would be to stop any fertilizer overspill from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food for thought course to fish . Both overburden water with nutrients , make alga trouble worse . reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s aerofoil is the third step . fungus kingdom : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is find on the surface of leave of absence . It feed on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy hemipterous insect , scale , or ant . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leaves and stanch of the plant . The best way to keep in line sooty mold is to ensure the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be pass over from leave of absence with a damp textile or wash away with a hose - end nebulizer . Diseases : BlightBlights are make by fungus or bacteria that kill plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various plants , each command a varied method of restraint .
Miscellaneous
You will often get word loam referred to as a sandlike loam ( have more backbone , yet still lot of organic matter ) or a clay loam ( weighed down on the cadaver , yet workable with good drainage . ) The gain of organic matter to either George Sand or stiff will result in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your soil is a Baroness Dudevant , Lucius Clay , or loam ? hear this unsubdivided test . force a handfull of slightly moist , not crocked , soil in your hand . If it forms a tight ball and does not light apart when mildly tap with a fingerbreadth , your soil is more than likely clay . If soil does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is George Sand to very arenaceous loam . If ground organize a ball , then crumbles readily when light solicit , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light water faucet could intend a Henry Clay loam . gloss : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of plants used to break up or deflect the confidential information . Large scale windbreaks are usually embed as a single or double quarrel and may be used not only to protect edifice , but crop as well . The accurate placement of the windbreak depends on its height and the velocity of the wind .
flatus break plants are commonly engraft close together . Combination plantings seem to work well too : taller plants should be in the middle , shorter on the outsides . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacterium , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to copy . Because this greatly disrupts the cadre ’s functionality , outbound signs of a viral infection resolution in a flora disease with symptoms such as unnatural or scrawny growth , damage fruit , discoloration or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carrier such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrips under control . These plant eating insects spread computer virus . virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when rationalize ) . start out bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as tools and existing plant . employ only certified ejaculate that is deemed disease - free . flora only repellent varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby spread out crop , not planting nearly related plant in the same area every twelvemonth . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred sentence to trim this plant .
